Management Investment Company What it is How it Works
Contents
Management Investment Company: What it is and How it Works
What Is a Management Investment Company?
A management investment company manages publicly issued fund shares.
Management investment companies can manage both open-end and closed-end funds.
Understanding Management Investment Companies
Management investment companies manage capital for clients through pooled funds. U.S. investment market legislation has classified investment companies into three categories under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Section Four of the 1940 Act breaks down the classification of companies as:
- Face-amount certificate company
- Unit investment trust
- Management (investment) company
Key Takeaways
- A management investment company manages publicly issued fund shares.
- Management investment companies can manage both open-end and closed-end funds.
- Open-end funds do not have a designated number of shares available for trading; closed-end funds offer a specific number of shares to the market.
Section Five of the 1940 Act provides further details on management investment companies. Management investment companies can be either open-end or closed-end companies. Section Five of the 1940 Act also further outlines these companies as diversified or non-diversified companies.
Open-End and Closed-End
Management investment companies issue shares of funds from pooled investment. Investors buy shares of funds that incur sales commission charges as well as operational expenses. Funds managed by management investment companies must comply with U.S. securities regulations. Regulations support fair market activities, investor education, and transparency.
The funds managed by management investment companies trade on exchanges or through open-end management companies and are known as publicly traded investments. Management investment companies offer investors publicly traded pooled fund investments in a broad range of standard and complex investment strategies.
Within the management investment company universe, the largest investment companies in the U.S. include BlackRock, Vanguard, State Street Global Advisors, Fidelity, and Bank of New York Mellon Investment Management.
Open-End Funds
Open-end management investment companies manage open-end funds. They can be offered as either a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF). Open-end funds do not have a designated number of shares available for trading. The management investment company can issue and redeem shares of open-end mutual funds and ETFs at their discretion.
Open-end mutual funds offer a range of share classes. Open-end management investment companies structure share classes with different fees that investors must pay when transacting with an intermediary. Open-end mutual funds do not trade on a market exchange; they’re transacted through the mutual fund company. Transactions are processed at the fund’s next reported net asset value, also known as the forward price.
Exchange-traded funds are traded daily on exchanges. Exchange-traded funds can trade at a discount or premium to their NAV. They may also trade at par value. Management investment company authorized participants actively monitor ETF prices and exchange trading with the ability to create and redeem shares to manage the price of an ETF.
Closed-End Funds
Closed-end management investment companies manage closed-end funds. They offer a specific number of shares to the market in an initial public offering. Closed-end management investment companies do not create or redeem shares following the public offering. Closed-end funds trade daily on exchanges. They are known to trade at a discount or premium to their NAV.
Diversified and Non-Diversified
In addition to discussing open-end and closed-end management investment companies, Section Five of the 1940 Act also explains diversified and non-diversified management investment companies. Diversified management investment companies have assets that fall within the 75-5-10 rule.
A 75-5-10 diversified management investment company will have 75% of its assets in other issuers and cash, no more than 5% of assets in any one company, and no more than 10% ownership of any company’s outstanding voting stock. Any management investment company not falling within the 75-5-10 rule is considered a non-diversified management investment company.
A 75-5-10 diversified management investment company will have 75% of its assets in other issuers and cash, no more than 5% of assets in any one company, and no more than 10% ownership of any company’s outstanding voting stock. Any management investment company not falling within the 75-5-10 rule is considered a non-diversified management investment company.
